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                    <text>Three white-presenting people sitting around a table. The person in the center table, who is wearing a name tag, is smiling and looking at the person to her right. </text>
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                <text>Lynne Coffin and Dannia Southerland (L-R)&#13;
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                <text>Courtesy War Resisters League. Please contact the WRL national office for permission to share or reuse in a new publication:  https://www.warresisters.org/contact.</text>
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                    <text>Collage of fliers and photographs on a pink background. The photographs are of a national War Resisters League gathering, with everyone raising their fists in the air; Mandy Carter, a young African American woman with short hair standing in front of the barbed wire fence of a military base; and Mandy Carter and others marching behind a banner with two prominent women's symbols. The fliers are for a "nonviolent vigil" and a list of candidates for the "Durham gay and lesbian solidarity coalition." What looks like a political button features an image of hands breaking a rifle in half, the War Resisters League's logo.</text>
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              <text>It's also something that you're putting yourself in that we're not necessarily prepared to do. I think training is both helping us immerse ourselves in that understanding of that power of nonviolence, and not thinking of it as weak, not thinking of it as simply turning the other cheek, "go ahead, do whatever you want with me" kind of thing. It's helping us understand that power. It should also help us understand kind of the context for this action and the strategic reasons for this action. &#13;
&#13;
It wasn't so much the case in the early 70s, but I think—when you're in front of the White House and you're doing a big demonstration, and then the tallest white man with a bullhorn says, “You may all lie down now,” then it's like, to me, I'm there, but I realize I don't know any of the people lying next to me when the police come, or how long we lay there, or those things. There's no structure that feels empowering to me. There is a power about laying there. &#13;
&#13;
Later, when I did get to understand the power of affinity groups, the power of training together, the power of knowing who you are acting with—at least a small group within a bigger group—really felt it was easier to take those risks. You didn't feel quite, "It's me and the 300 people"—or "is it me and my affinity group of six or eight people and all these other people in those affinity groups?"&#13;
&#13;
We have a process and a way of talking to them. I think training has developed a lot over the years in that—but to find out that they did training for the Journey of Reconciliation in 1947—Bayard Rustin and George Houser did that training—sparked a lot of my interest in, "Oh, what is this? [chuckles] How can we learn that?" &#13;
&#13;
For me, the thing about training is it's something I felt I could embrace, and also, training, as it became developed—not at the beginning, as it became developed—had such a strong feminist perspective as part of it. Just the affinity groups being something that was inspired by women's consciousness-raising groups as well as the Spanish anarchist cells. Something that really does put us all on some equal footing, rather than somebody telling us now what we can do.</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;'79, that year was just unreal. It was the worst year. '79, here's what happens: Reagan gets elected, not till November, the Iran hostage thing is going on. The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan, Carter brings back the draft somewhere in '79 or '80.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Then, November 3rd in Greensboro, we were—Reagan and that. It was an unbelievable year. We thought it was the worst year in the history of the United States. It wasn't, but it was horrible. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Evelyn thought every day I was going to be arrested while I was out talking against the draft. That was when I was in it. By the time 1980 came, I think we went to jail for eight days, whatever it was, seven days for protesting nuclear power that summer of '79, protesting with the Kudzu Alliance. It was the most intense year politically at the national level, and locally, too. It was something.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;Maybe the best way to illustrate what it felt like in North Carolina at the time is that there was an organization called the National Alliance Against Racist and Political Repression. It was a national organization, but they had selected North Carolina as their focus for—I'm pretty sure this started while I was still in college probably. Anyway, '75-ish. Here's what they said about North Carolina: Most people on death row at that time—was because we hadn't executed people for a while, so they were really building up—and we had a Republican governor getting ready to start executing. Most people on death row. Least unionized state. Most militarized state. Wilmington Ten, Charlotte Three, Joan Little. If you know those cases, you know what I'm talking—all police violence against Black people. &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;That's North Carolina in 1976 when we started the office. There were people—and I don't mean to be patronizing—there were people in the national organization, I think, who worried about us. A little bit patronizing like, "Those poor—the Klan's probably going to get them.” “Of course, Klan's nowhere around. What a surprise, the Klan &lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt; around.”&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I think people thought we were working in this very hostile environment and, at the time, I didn't feel that way. When I tell you all that stuff that's going on, now I think, "Well, it's a pretty hostile environment"—Republican governor, et cetera. Of course, too many people in the state depend on the military for their livelihood to make it an easy place to go around or do pacifist organizing. That's true for the South, of course, not just North Carolina, but with our big military bases.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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